Wigeze uhagarara ngo utekereze ku kintu gituma insinga zo mu rugo rwawe, mu biro, cyangwa mu modoka yawe zikora neza—ndetse n’iyo ziba zipfundikiye munsi y’ibisenge bishyushye, zitwikiriwe munsi y’ubutaka, cyangwa zikoreshwa buri munsi? Igisubizo kiri mu gice gito ariko gikomeye: PVC stabilizers. Izi nyongeramusaruro zidahingutse ni zo zituma insinga zawe z’amashanyarazi zidashonga, zidacika cyangwa ngo zihinduke zicika uko igihe kigenda gihita. Reka turebe impamvu zidashoboka ku nsinga n’insinga, ndetse n’ubwoko bwazo bugaragara.
Ubwa mbere: Impamvu PVC ari ingenzi ku nsinga n'insinga
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) iri hose mu nsinga. Ni ubushyuhe bworoshye kandi burambye butwikira insinga z'umuringa, buzirinda ubushuhe, ubushyuhe, ndetse n'ibyangiritse. Ariko dore ikibazo: PVC ntabwo ihindagurika mu buryo busanzwe. Iyo ihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (nk'amashanyarazi), imirasire ya UV, cyangwa se igihe gito, itangira kwangirika. Uku kwangirika kurekura imiti yangiza (nka chlorine) kandi bigaca intege ubushyuhe—inkuru mbi iyo ubwo bushyuhe ari bwo bwonyine buhagarara hagati yawe n'umuriro cyangwa umuyoboro mugufi.
Injira muri PVC Stabilizers: Uburinzi
Ibikoresho bikomeza umutekano ni nk'ibirindiro by'uburinzi bya PVC.
Kurwanya ibyangijwe n'ubushyuhe: Insinga z'amashanyarazi zitanga ubushyuhe, kandi ibintu bizigama bibuza PVC gushonga cyangwa kwangirika iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse (tekereza kuri dogere selisiyusi 70+ mu gasanduku k'imbuga gahuriramo abantu benshi).
Irinde imirasire ya UV: Ku nsinga zo hanze (nk'izo zikoresha amatara yo ku muhanda), ibikoresho bitanga uburinzi biziba urumuri rw'izuba kugira ngo bihagarike ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya cyangwa gucika.
Hagarika uburibwe: Mu myaka myinshi ikoreshwa, PVC ishobora gukomera no kwangirika. Ibikoresho biyirinda guhindagurika bituma yoroha, ndetse no mu magaraje akonje cyangwa mu byumba bishyushye.
Kubungabunga umutekano w'amashanyarazi: Mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ubushyuhe, birinda imiyoboro migufi, amazi asohoka, n'inkongi z'amashanyarazi.
Ibikoresho byiza byo kubungabunga insinga n'insinga
Si ibintu byose bitera imbaraga bishoboye akazi. Dore amahitamo meza yo gukoresha insinga:
1. Ibitera imbaraga za Calcium-Zinc: Ifite umutekano kandi irinda ibidukikije
Ibi ni ibipimo ngenderwaho by’indabyo ku nsinga zigezweho kandi zitekanye:
Ntibihumanya: Nta byuma biremereye (nk'icyuma cy'ubutare cyangwa cadmium), byujuje ibisabwa mu by'umutekano (REACH, RoHS) byo gukoreshwa mu nzu no hanze. Ni byiza cyane mu ngo, mu mashuri no mu bitaro aho umutekano ari ingenzi.
Ubudahangarwa bw'ubushyuhe n'imiraba y'urumuri: Bihangana n'ubushyuhe buringaniye (kugeza kuri 90°C) no kureba hanze, bigatuma biba byiza cyane ku nsinga zo mu rugo no ku nsinga zifite voltage nkeya (nk'insinga za USB).
Byoroshye gutunganya: Mu gihe cyo gukora, bivanga neza na PVC, bigamije kwemeza ko ubushyuhe butagira icyuho cyangwa ahantu hadakomeye.
2. Ibitera imbaraga bya Barium-Zinc: Irakomeye ku nsinga zikenerwa cyane
Iyo insinga zikeneye guhangana n’ibihe bikomeye, ibikoresho bihamye bya barium-zinc biratera imbere:
Kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi: Bikunda gushyuha cyane (105°C+), bigatuma biba byiza cyane ku nsinga z'inganda, insinga z'imodoka (munsi y'agapfundikizo), cyangwa insinga z'amashanyarazi zifite amashanyarazi menshi.
Kuramba igihe kirekire: Zirwanya gusaza, bityo insinga zimara imyaka irenga 20 ndetse no mu bihe bikomeye (nk'inganda cyangwa ikirere cy'ubutayu).
Ihendutse ku giciro: Bihuza imikorere n'igiciro, bigatuma biba ibikundwa cyane ku mishinga minini (tekereza ku nsinga z'amashanyarazi cyangwa inyubako z'ubucuruzi).
3. Ibikoresho Bidahindura Ingano by'Amabati: Uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ibikoresho by'ingenzi
Ibi bikoreshwa mu nsinga zihariye kandi zikora neza:
Ubwishingizi butanga ubushyuhe busesuye: Bituma PVC ibonerana, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro ku nsinga za fiber optique cyangwa insinga zo kwa muganga aho kureba ari ngombwa.
Kwimuka ku rugero rwo hasi cyane: Ntibikura imiti mu mubiri, bigatuma biba ahantu hashobora kwangirika (nk'ibikoresho byo kwa muganga cyangwa inganda zitunganya ibiribwa).
Icyitonderwa: Zirahenze cyane kurusha calcium-zinc cyangwa barium-zinc, bityo zikaba zigenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye.
Bigenda bite iyo ubuze ibikoresho bihamye?
Guhitamo ikintu kidatera imbaraga (cyangwa gito cyane) bishobora guteza akaga:
Imyanya y'ubushyuhe: Ubushuhe buramanuka, bigatera imiyoboro migufi cyangwa amashanyarazi.
Gushonga munsi y'ubushyuheInsinga ziri ahantu hashyushye (nk'inyuma ya televiziyo) zishobora gushonga, bigatera inkongi z'umuriro.
Gutsindwa mbere y'igiheInsinga zishobora gukenera gusimburwa mu myaka 5-10 aho kuba 30+, bigatwara igihe n'amafaranga.
Uburyo bwo kumenya ibintu bitera imbaraga mu byuma
Mu gihe uguze insinga cyangwa insinga, shakisha:
Impamyabushobozi: Ibirango nka “UL Listed” (Amerika) cyangwa “CE” (EU) bivuze ko insinga yatsinze ibizamini by’umutekano—harimo n’imikorere yo gushimangira.
Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe: Insinga zanditseho "90°C" cyangwa "105°C" zikoresha ibintu bitanga ubushyuhe.
Izina ry'ikirango: Inganda zizewe (nka Prysmian cyangwa Nexans) zishora imari mu bikoresho bizigama ubuziranenge kugira ngo hirindwe kongera gukoreshwa.
Igitekerezo cya nyuma: Ibitera imbaraga = Insinga zizewe kandi zitekanye
Ubutaha ushyize igikoresho cyangwa ukazimya itara, ibuka ko: ubushyuhe bwa PVC bukikije izo nsinga buterwa n'imbaraga zabwo.kalisiyumu-zinkiku rugo rwawe cyangwabarium-zincKu nsinga z'inganda, igikoresho gikwiye gikomeza amashanyarazi mu mutekano — uyu munsi, ejo, no mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo iri imbere.
N'ubundi kandi, iyo bigeze ku bijyanye n'insinga, "aho utabona" ntigomba gusobanura "aho utabona." Ibyiza kurushahoibintu bihamyekora bucece, kugira ngo ntugire impungenge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-30-2025