Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga bya PVC ni iki?

Ibintu bishyigikira PVCni inyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mu kunoza ubushyuhe bwa polyvinyl chloride (PVC) na copolymers zayo. Kuri pulasitiki za PVC, niba ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya burenze 160°C, ubushyuhe buzagabanuka maze hakorwe gaze ya HCl. Iyo bitagabanijwe, ubu bushyuhe buzarushaho kwiyongera, bigira ingaruka ku iterambere n'ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki za PVC.

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko niba pulasitiki za PVC zirimo umunyu muto w’ubutare, isabune y’icyuma, fenoli, amine ihumura, n’indi myanda, uburyo bwo kuyitunganya no kuyikoresha ntacyo bizahindura, icyakora, uburyo ubushyuhe bwayo bushobora kugabanuka ku rugero runaka. Ubu bushakashatsi butuma habaho iterambere rihoraho rya PVC stabilizers.

Ibintu bisanzwe bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bya PVC birimo ibintu bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bya organotin, ibintu bifasha mu kubungabunga umunyu w'icyuma, n'ibintu bifasha mu kubungabunga umunyu w'inyongera. Ibintu bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bya organotin bikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibicuruzwa bya PVC kubera ko bigaragarira amaso, birwanya ikirere neza, kandi bihura neza. Ibintu bifasha mu kubungabunga umunyu w'icyuma akenshi bikoresha umunyu wa kalisiyumu, zinki, cyangwa barium, bishobora gutanga ubushyuhe bwiza. Ibintu bifasha mu kubungabunga umunyu w'inyongera nka tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead phosphite, nibindi bifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza ubushyuhe igihe kirekire kandi bigafasha mu gukingira amashanyarazi neza. Mu guhitamo ikintu gifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije cya PVC gikwiye, ugomba gusuzuma imiterere y'ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa bya PVC n'imiterere isabwa yo gukomeza. Ibintu bitandukanye bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibicuruzwa bya PVC mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu buryo bwa shimi, bityo rero hakenewe uburyo buhamye bwo gukora no gusuzuma kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibintu bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bikwiriye. Intangiriro irambuye n'igereranya ry'ibintu bitandukanye bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bya PVC ni ibi bikurikira:

Iterambere rya Organotin:Ibikoresho bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bya organotin ni byo bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije bya PVC. Ibikoresho byabyo ni umusaruro w’ibikomoka kuri oxyde cyangwa kloride za organotin hamwe na aside cyangwa esters bikwiye.

Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga bya organotin bigabanyijemo ibice birimo sulfur n'ibidafite sulfur. Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga bya sulfur birakomeye, ariko hari ibibazo mu buryohe no mu ibara ry'uruhu nk'ibindi bigizwe na sulfur. Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga bya organotin bitari sulfur akenshi bishingiye kuri aside maleic cyangwa esters ya aside maleic. Bikundaibitera imbaraga bya methyl tinntibikora nezaibintu bitera ubushyuhehamwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'urumuri bwiza.

Ibikoresho bifasha mu kubungabunga ibidukikije (Organotin stabilizers) bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupfunyika ibiryo n'ibindi bikoresho bya PVC bibonerana nk'imiyoboro ibonerana.

Ibintu Bidahindura Imiterere y'Umutungo:Ibikoresho bisanzwe bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'umushongi birimo ibi bikurikira: dibasic lead stearate, tribasic lead sulfate ihumura, dibasic lead phthalate, na dibasic lead phosphate.

Nk’ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, ibinyabutabire bya lisansi ntibizangiza imiterere myiza y’amashanyarazi, amazi make adashobora kwinjiza, ndetse no kudahangana n’ikirere cy’ibikoresho bya PVC hanze. Ariko,ibintu bitera imbaraga mu gufata icyuma gifungabafite ibibazo nk'ibi:

- Kugira uburozi;

- Kwanduzwa n'ibinyabutabire, cyane cyane hamwe na sulfure;

- Gukora chloride y'icuma, izashyiraho imirongo ku bicuruzwa byarangiye;

- Igipimo gikomeye, bigatuma igipimo cy'uburemere/ingano kidashimishije.

- Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gifata lisansi akenshi bituma ibikoresho bya PVC bitagaragara neza ako kanya kandi bigahinduka ibara vuba nyuma y'ubushyuhe burambye.

Nubwo hari ibyo bibazo, ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe mu byuma biracyakoreshwa cyane. Ku bijyanye no gukingira amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe mu byuma bigabanya ubushyuhe mu byuma ni byo byiza cyane. Bitewe n’ingaruka zabyo muri rusange, ibikoresho byinshi bya PVC byoroshye kandi bikomeye biboneka nko mu nsinga zo hanze, mu mbaho ​​zikomeye za PVC zitagaragara, mu miyoboro ikomeye, mu ruhu rw’ubukorano, no mu nganda zikoresha inshinge.

Ibintu bikomeza umunyu mu byuma: Ibikoresho bigabanya umunyu mu byuma bivanzeni ubwoko bw'ibinyabutabire bitandukanye, ubusanzwe byakozwe hakurikijwe ikoreshwa rya PVC n'abakoresha. Ubu bwoko bw'ibitera imbaraga bwavuye ku kongeramo barium succinate na cadmium palm aside byonyine bikagera ku kuvanga isabune ya barium, isabune ya cadmium, isabune ya zinc, na fosfite y'umwimerere, hamwe na antioxydants, solvents, extenders, plasticizers, colorants, UV absorbers, brighteners, viscosity control agents, lubricants, and artificial flavour. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngaruka za nyuma zitera imbaraga.

Ibintu bitera imbaraga mu byuma, nka barium, calcium, na manyeziyumu ntibirinda ibara rya mbere ry'ibikoresho bya PVC ariko bishobora gutanga ubushyuhe burambye. Ibintu bya PVC bitera imbaraga muri ubu buryo bitangira umuhondo/icunga, hanyuma bigahinduka umukara buhoro buhoro, amaherezo bikahinduka umukara nyuma y'ubushyuhe buhoraho.

Ibikoresho bipima ubushyuhe bya Kadiyumu na Zinc byakoreshejwe bwa mbere kuko bibonerana kandi bishobora kugumana ibara ry’umwimerere ry’ibicuruzwa bya PVC. Uburyo bwo gushyuha butangwa n’ibipimo bipima ubushyuhe bya Kadiyumu na Zinc mu gihe kirekire ni bubi cyane kuruta ubwo barium ikoresha, ikunda kwangirika burundu mu buryo butunguranye nta kimenyetso na kimwe cyangwa nta n’icyo bitanga.

Uretse igipimo cy’icyuma, ingaruka z’ibice bikomeza umunyu mu byuma bifitanye isano n’ibice byabyo by’umunyu, ari na byo bintu by’ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku miterere ikurikira: amavuta, kugenda, ubwisanzure, impinduka z’ibara ry’ibara, no kudahungabana k’ubushyuhe bwa PVC. Hasi hari ibice byinshi bikunze gutera imbaraga ibyuma bivanze: 2-ethylcaproate, phenolate, benzoate, na stearate.

Ibikoresho bigabanya umunyu mu byuma bikoreshwa cyane mu bicuruzwa byoroshye bya PVC no mu bicuruzwa byoroshye bibonerana bya PVC nko gupfunyika ibiryo, ibikoresho byo kwa muganga, no gupfunyika mu miti.