Uruhare rw'ibikoresho bikomeza imiyoboro ya PVC mu bikoresho by'imiyoboro ya PVC: Imikoreshereze n'ibitekerezo bya tekiniki

Imiyoboro ya PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) iboneka cyane mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho, birimo imiyoboro y'amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi, n'ubwikorezi bw'amazi mu nganda. Gukundwa kwayo bituruka ku byiza byayo: kudakoresha imiti, kugabanya ikiguzi, no gukomera kw'imiterere yayo. Ariko, imiterere ya molekile ya PVC—irangwa no gusubiramo ibice bya vinyl chloride—ituma ishobora kwangirika bitewe n'ubushyuhe, oxidative, na UV. Aha nihoIbintu bishyigikira PVCbigira uruhare runini: bigabanya kwangirika, bigenzura ko imiyoboro igumana ubuziranenge n'imikorere mu gihe cyose ikora. Hasi hari isesengura rirambuye ry'ikoreshwa ryayo, uburyo ikoreshwamo, n'ibipimo ngenderwaho mu guhitamo imiyoboro ya PVC.

1. ImpamvuGukora PVCIbikoresho by'imiyoboro bisaba ibidahungabanya

PVC irangirika bidasubirwaho iyo ihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi (busanzwe mu bikorwa byo gusohora cyangwa gushingwa inshinge) cyangwa ikagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije igihe kirekire (urugero, izuba, ubushuhe, cyangwa imihindagurikire y'imiti). Inzira y'ibanze yo kwangirika ni ukudakoresha chlorine: ubushyuhe cyangwa ingufu za UV bigabanya imigozi ya C-Cl idakomeye, bisohora aside hydrochloric (HCl) kandi bigatangira gukora uruhererekane rw'imigozi rutuma uruhererekane rw'imigozi rucika. Ibi bigaragara muri ibi bikurikira:

• Guhinduka ibara (guhinduka umuhondo cyangwa umukara)

• Gutakaza imbaraga zo guhangana n'ingaruka no koroherana

• Gucika cyangwa gucika intege, bigatuma amazi adasohoka neza

• Kwanduzwa kw'amazi atwarwa (ni ingenzi mu miyoboro y'amazi meza)

Ibikoresho bihagarika iyi gahunda, bigatuma biba ngombwa mu gukora imiyoboro ya PVC.

2. Uburyo bwo gukoresha PVC Stabilizers mu miyoboro

Ibitera imbaraga bikoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kurinda PVC:

•Gutunganya HCl:Gukuraho aside hydrochloric yarekuwe, bikayirinda ko yangirika kurushaho.

•Kubuza umuntu gukora ibintu bidasanzwe (Free Radical Inhibitory):Guhagarika ibikorwa by'uruhererekane byatewe n'ubushyuhe cyangwa radicals zikomoka kuri UV.

•Gufata Iyoni z'icyuma:Guhambira imyanda y'icyuma (urugero: icyuma, umuringa) byihutisha kwangirika.

•UVGukingira:Gufata cyangwa gukurura imirasire ya UV, ni ingenzi cyane mu gukoresha imiyoboro yo hanze (urugero, amazi yo mu kirere hejuru y'ubutaka).

•Imfashanyigisho yo gusiga amavuta:Bimwe mu bintu bigabanya ubushyuhe (urugero: UV stabilizers), calcium stearate bigabanya ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutunganya, bikarinda ubushyuhe bwinshi.

3. Ubwoko bwa Stabilizers zikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'imiyoboro ya PVC

Guhitamo uburyo bwo gupima ibintu bihoraho biterwa n'imiterere y'uburyo bwo kubitunganya, ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa rya nyuma, n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo:

4. Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ingenzi byo guhitamo imiyoboro

Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ibipimo bihamye by’imiyoboro ya PVC, abakora bagomba kuzirikana ibi bikurikira:

•Ibipimo byo gutunganya:Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora/gutunganya (160–200°C ku miyoboro) n'igihe cyo gutura ni byo bigena ubushyuhe bukenewe. Imikorere y'ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero: imiyoboro y'amazi ashyushye) isaba ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe kandi birwanya ubushyuhe cyane (urugero: organotin).

•Ibidukikije bikoreshwa burundu:Imiyoboro y'amazi meza isaba icyemezo cya NSF/ANSI 61 cyangwa WRAS, bityo bigatumaCa-Zncyangwa ibitera imbaraga zo kubungabunga ikirere. Imiyoboro yo hanze ikenera ibitera imbaraga zo kubungabunga ikirere hakoreshejwe imirasire ya UV urugero, ibitera imbaraga zo kubungabunga ikirere hakoreshejwe imirasire ya amine (HALS).

•Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko:Kubuza ibyuma biremereye ku isi (Pb, Cd) bituma inganda zikoresha ubundi buryo butangiza ibidukikije (Ca-Zn, ibitera imbaraga bishingiye ku bidukikije).

•Ikiguzi ugereranije n'imikorere:Nubwo ibintu bitanga ubuziranenge bushingiye ku ruzitiro bihendutse, ibiciro by'igihe kirekire (urugero, amande y'amategeko, ibibazo byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho) bishyigikira amahitamo arambye.

5. Iterambere riri kuzamuka mu ikoranabuhanga rituma ibintu bihora bihindagurika

Uko amategeko agenga ibidukikije arushaho gukazwa kandi uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije bugashyirwa imbere, inganda z'imiyoboro ya PVC zirimo kwerekeza kuri ibi bikurikira:

•Sisitemu za Ca-Zn zikora neza cyane:Yongerewemo ibintu bitera imbaraga (urugero: polyols, zeolites) kugira ngo bihuze n'imikorere y'ubushyuhe bw'ibindi bisimbura icyuma gikoresha lisansi.

•Ibikoresho Bidahindura Imiterere:Guhuza ubushyuhe buhamye, kurwanya imirasire ya UV, no gusiga amavuta mu kintu kimwe kugira ngo byorohe uburyo bwo gukora.

•Ibikoresho Bishinzwe Gutuza Ibidukikije:Bikomoka ku mutungo ushobora kongera gukoreshwa (urugero, esters zishingiye ku bimera), bihuye n'intego z'ubukungu buzunguruka.

Ibintu bishyigikira PVCni ingenzi mu mikorere no kuramba kw'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro ya PVC, bigatuma bikoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi bwizewe mu bikorwa remezo by'ingenzi. Kuva ku kwirinda kwangirika mu gihe cy'inganda kugeza ku kwemeza ko zimara imyaka myinshi mu bidukikije bikomeye, uruhare rwazo ntirushobora gusimburwa. Uko inganda zigenda zitera imbere, kwibanda ku bintu bigabanya uburozi kandi bikora neza cyane cyane calcium-zinc complexes - bizatera udushya, bihuza imikorere n'inshingano zo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ku bahanga n'abakora, guhitamo ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe bikwiye si amahitamo ya tekiniki gusa ahubwo ni ukwiyemeza kuramba, umutekano, no kubahiriza amategeko.