Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ni polymer ikorwa na polymer ya vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) imbere y'ibikoresho nka peroxide na azo compounds cyangwa uburyo bwa polymerization ya free radical ikoreshejwe n'urumuri cyangwa ubushyuhe. PVC ni ibikoresho bya polymer bikoresha atome ya chlorine kugira ngo bisimbuze atome ya hydrogen muri polyethylene, naho homopolymer za vinyl chloride na vinyl chloride copolymers byose hamwe byitwa vinyl chloride resins.
Imiyoboro ya molekile ya PVC irimo atome za chlorine zikomeye zifite imbaraga nyinshi hagati ya molekile, bituma ibikoresho bya PVC bikomera, bikomeye, kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha umuriro neza, kandi bikagira ubushobozi bwo kudakoresha umuriro neza (kudakoresha umuriro bivuga imiterere y’ikintu cyangwa ikintu gifite nyuma yo kuvurwa kugira ngo gitinde cyane gukwirakwira kw’umuriro); icyakora, agaciro kacyo ka dielectric constant na dielectric loss angle tangent kanini kurusha aka PE.
Resin ya PVC irimo umubare muto w’imigozi ibiri, iminyururu ifite amashami n’ibisigazwa by’ibitangizi bisigaye mu buryo bwa polymerization, hamwe na atome za chlorine na hydrogen hagati y’atome ebyiri za karuboni zegeranye, zoroshye kuvanwamo chlorine, bigatuma PVC igabanuka byoroshye iyo urumuri n’ubushyuhe bitangiye gukora. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bya PVC bigomba kongeramo ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, nka calcium-zinc heat stabilizer, barium-zinc heat stabilizer, lead salt heat stabilizer, organic tin stabilizer, nibindi.
Porogaramu z'ingenzi
PVC iza mu buryo butandukanye kandi ishobora gutunganywa mu buryo butandukanye, harimo gukanda, gusohora, gutera inshinge no gusiga. Plastike za PVC zikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora filime, uruhu rw'ubukorano, gukingira insinga n'insinga, ibikoresho bikomeye, hasi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, ibikoresho bya siporo, nibindi.
Ibicuruzwa bya PVC muri rusange bishyirwa mu byiciro bitatu: bikomeye, bitoroshye n'ibyoroshye. Ibicuruzwa bikomeye n'ibitoroshye bitunganywa nta pulasitiki cyangwa bifite ingano nto yabyo, mu gihe ibintu byoroshye bitunganywa na pulasitiki nyinshi. Nyuma yo kongeramo pulasitiki, ubushyuhe bw'impinduka mu kirahuri bushobora kugabanuka, ibyo bigatuma byoroha gutunganya ku bushyuhe buri hasi kandi byongera ubworoherane n'ubudahangarwa bw'uruhererekane rw'ibintu, kandi bigatuma bishoboka gukora ibintu byoroshye byoroshye ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
1. Imiterere ya PVC
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora inzugi n'amadirishya ndetse no mu bikoresho bizigama ingufu.
2. Imiyoboro ya PVC
Imiyoboro ya PVC ifite amoko menshi, imikorere myiza n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha, kandi ifite umwanya ukomeye ku isoko.
3. Filimi za PVC
PVC ishobora gukorwamo firime ibonerana cyangwa irangi ifite ubunini bwagenwe hakoreshejwe kalendari, kandi firime ikorwa muri ubu buryo yitwa firime ya calendered. Ibikoresho fatizo bya PVC bishobora kandi gucukurwamo firime hakoreshejwe imashini zikoresha uburyo bwo gukamura, naho firime ikorwa muri ubu buryo yitwa firime ikoresha uburyo bwo gukamura. Iyi firime ishobora gukoreshwa mu bintu byinshi kandi ishobora gutunganywamo imifuka, amakoti y'imvura, ibitambaro byo ku meza, amarido, ibikinisho bishyuha, nibindi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata no gufunga ubushyuhe. Filime nini ibonerana ishobora gukoreshwa mu kubaka greenhouses na plastic greenhouses, cyangwa igakoreshwa nk'amafirime yo hasi.
4. Ikibaho cya PVC
Yongewemo imashini ikomeza, amavuta n'inyunganiramirire, kandi nyuma yo kuvanga, PVC ishobora gusohorwa mu miyoboro itandukanye ikomeye, imiyoboro ifite imiterere n'imiyoboro ya corrugated hamwe n'imashini isohora, kandi igakoreshwa nk'imiyoboro yo hasi, imiyoboro y'amazi yo kunywa, insinga z'amashanyarazi cyangwa icyuma gifata ku ngazi. Impapuro zanditseho kalendari zirafatanye kandi zigakandagirwaho zishyushye kugira ngo hakorwe impapuro zikomeye zifite ubunini butandukanye. Impapuro zishobora gucibwamo imiterere wifuza hanyuma zigasukwa n'umwuka ushyushye hakoreshejwe inkoni zo gusudira za PVC mu bigega bitandukanye bidashobora kwangirika, imiyoboro n'ibikoresho, nibindi.
5. Ibikoresho byoroshye bya PVC
Ukoresheje icyuma gisohora ibikoresho, gishobora gukururwa mu miyoboro, insinga, insinga, nibindi; ukoresheje imashini ikora ibikoresho byo gushushanya irimo imashini zitandukanye, ushobora gukorerwamo inkweto za pulasitiki, udupira tw'inkweto, inkweto zo kuraramo, ibikinisho, ibice by'imodoka, nibindi.
6. Ibikoresho byo gupfunyika bya PVC
Ibikoresho bya PVC bipfunyikwa ahanini ku bikoresho bitandukanye, firime n'impapuro zikomeye. Ibikoresho bya PVC bikorerwa ahanini amazi y'ubutare, ibinyobwa, amacupa yo kwisiga, ndetse no gupfunyika amavuta meza.
7. Urukuta rwa PVC n'urukuta rwo hasi
Urukuta rwa PVC rukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusimbuza uruvange rwa aluminiyumu, amatafari yo hasi ya PVC, uretse igice cya resin ya PVC, ibindi bice ni ibikoresho byasubiwemo, kole, ibyuma bisoza n'ibindi bice, ahanini bikoreshwa mu gice cyo ku kibuga cy'indege n'ahandi hantu hakomeye.
8. Ibikoresho bya PVC bikoreshwa n'abantu
Ibikoresho bya PVC biboneka ahantu hose mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. PVC ikoreshwa mu gukora impu zitandukanye z'ubukorano zo mu masakoshi y'imizigo, ibikoresho bya siporo nka basketball, imipira y'umupira w'amaguru n'imipira ya rugby. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gukora imyenda ya gisirikare n'imikandara yihariye yo kwirinda. Imyenda ya PVC yo kwambara muri rusange ni imyenda ifata (nta gipfukanyo gisabwa) nka ponchos, ipantaro y'abana, amakoti y'uruhu rw'ubukorano n'inkweto zitandukanye z'imvura. PVC ikoreshwa kandi mu bikoresho byinshi bya siporo n'imyidagaduro nk'ibikinisho, amajwi n'ibikoresho bya siporo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 19 Nyakanga-2023