Uruhu rw'ubukorano rushingiye kuri PVC (PVC-AL) rukomeje kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bikoresho byo mu nzu by'imodoka, mu myenda yo mu nzu, no mu nganda bitewe n'uburyo ruhagaze mu biciro, uburyo rushobora gutunganywa, ndetse n'uburyo rukora ibintu bitandukanye. Ariko, uburyo rukorwamo burangwamo imbogamizi zikomeye mu bya tekiniki zishingiye ku miterere y'ibinyabutabire bya polymer - imbogamizi zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibicuruzwa, kubahiriza amategeko, no kunoza umusaruro.
Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe: Inzitizi y'ibanze mu gutunganya
Kudahinduka kwa PVC mu bushyuhe busanzwe bwo gutunganya (160–200°C) ni byo bitera ikibazo gikomeye. Polima inyura mu ibura ry’amazi (HCl excretion) binyuze mu kwihuza n’uruhererekane rw’amazi, bigatera ibibazo bitatu byo gucika:
• Guhagarika ibikorwa:HCl yarekuwe irangiza ibikoresho by'icyuma (calenders, coating dies) kandi igatera ubwinshi bw'amabara ya PVC, bigatera inenge nk'udusebe two ku buso cyangwa ubunini butaringaniye.
• Guhindura ibara ry'ibicuruzwa:Uduce twa polyene twakozwe mu gihe cyo kwangirika dutanga umuhondo cyangwa umukara, tunanirwa kuzuza amahame agenga imiterere y’amabara ku buryo bworoshye.
• Igihombo cy'umutungo wa tekiniki:Gukata urunigi bigabanya imbaraga z'urusobe rwa polymer, bigabanya imbaraga zo gukurura no kudacika kw'uruhu kugeza kuri 30% mu bihe bikomeye.
Ibitutu byo Kurengera Ibidukikije n'Amategeko Bishingiye ku Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko
Ese?
Umusaruro gakondo wa PVC-AL urimo gusuzumwa cyane hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga (urugero, EU REACH, amahame ya US EPA VOC):
• Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (VOC):Kwangirika k’ubushyuhe no gushyiramo pulasitiki ishingiye kuri solvent birekura VOC (urugero, ibikomoka kuri phthalate) birenga urugero rw’ibyuka bihumanya.
• Ibisigazwa by'icyuma gikomeye:Sisitemu zituma ibintu bihora bihindagurika (urugero: icyuma gifata irangi, gishingiye kuri cadmium) zisiga ibintu bihumanya ikirere, bigatuma ibicuruzwa bitahabwa icyemezo cy’ibicuruzwa bitanga impamyabushobozi ku bidukikije (urugero: OEKO-TEX® 100).
• Uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha mu mpera z'ubuzima:PVC idahamye irushaho kwangirika mu gihe cyo kongera gukoresha imashini, bigatuma habaho uburozi buhumanya kandi bikagabanya ubuziranenge bw'ibiryo byasubijwe gukoreshwa.
Kudakomera Mu Mirimo ya Serivisi
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Ndetse na PVC-AL itarakora neza, irushaho gusaza vuba:
• Kwangirika kw'imirasire y'urumuri rwa UV:Umucyo w’izuba utera ogisijeni y’izuba, ugaca iminyururu ya polymeri kandi ugatera ububobere—ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho by’imodoka cyangwa ibyo hanze.
• Kwimuka kwa pulasitiki:Hatabayeho gukomeza matrix hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushimangira ibintu, plasticizers zigenda zihinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatuma zikomera kandi zicikagurika.
Uruhare rw'Ingufu za PVC Stabilizers: Uburyo n'Agaciro
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Ibyuma bifasha mu kubungabunga ububabare bya PVC bikemura ibibazo bigamije inzira zo kwangirika ku rwego rwa molekile, hamwe n’uburyo bugezweho bugabanyijemo ibice by’imikorere:
▼ Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga ubushyuhe
Ibi bikora nk'ibikoresho byo gushakisha no gusohora HCl:
• Bigabanya HCl yarekuwe (binyuze mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina hakoreshejwe isabune y'icyuma cyangwa ligande z'umwimerere) kugira ngo bihagarike autocatalysis, byongere ubushobozi bwo gutunganya idirishya mu minota 20-40.
• Ibikoresho bikomeza ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima (urugero: phenols zibangamiwe) bifata ibintu bidafite ireme bikomoka ku maraso mu gihe cyo kwangirika, bikarinda ihinduka ry’uruhererekane rw’ibintu bikomoka ku mabara kandi bikarinda ibara guhinduka.
▼ Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga mu guhagarara kw'urumuri
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Bihujwe n'ubushyuhe, bikurura cyangwa bigakuraho ingufu za UV:
• Utwuma dufata UV (urugero: benzophenones) duhindura imirasire ya UV mu bushyuhe butagira ingaruka mbi, mu gihe uturinda urumuri rwa amine (HALS) twongera kuvugurura ibice bya polymer byangiritse, bikuba kabiri igihe cyo gukora hanze y’ibikoresho.
▼ Ifurumu zirinda ibidukikije
Ese?
Ibikoresho bitera imbaraga mu gushimangira calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn)zasimbuye ubwoko bwa heavy metal, zujuje ibisabwa n’amategeko ariko zigakomeza gukora neza. Nanone zigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC ku kigero cya 15–25% mu kugabanya kwangirika k’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutunganya.
Ibitera imbaraga nk'igisubizo cy'ibanze
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Ibikoresho bikomeza ubushyuhe bya PVC si inyongeramusaruro gusa—ni byo bituma habaho umusaruro ufatika wa PVC-AL. Mu kugabanya kwangirika k'ubushyuhe, kugenzura ko amategeko yubahirizwa, no kongera uburambe, bikemura inenge z’ingenzi za polymer. Ibyo bivuzwe, ntibishobora gukemura ibibazo byose by’inganda: iterambere mu byuma bikoresha pulasitiki bikomoka ku binyabuzima no kongera gukoresha imiti mu kongera ubuziranenge riracyakenewe kugira ngo PVC-AL ihuzwe neza n’intego z’ubukungu zizunguruka. Ariko, kugeza ubu, sisitemu zikomeza ubuziranenge ni zo nzira zigezweho kandi zihendutse zigana ku ruhu rw’ubukorano rwa PVC rufite ubuziranenge kandi rukurikiza amategeko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-12-2025