Mwisi yo gutunganya polymer, inyongeramusaruro nke zikora bucece nyamara neza nkisabune yicyuma. Izi nteruro zinyuranye nizo nkingi ya PVC (polyvinyl chloride) itajegajega, ituma ibintu byose uhereye kumiyoboro ikaze kugeza kuri firime yoroheje bigumana ubunyangamugayo munsi yubushyuhe, imihangayiko, nigihe. Kubakora naba injeniyeri bayobora ibyifuzo byumusaruro wa PVC ugezweho, kumva ibyo basaba ntabwo ari tekiniki gusa - ni ngombwa gutanga ibicuruzwa biramba, byujuje ubuziranenge.
Niki Isabune Yuma Isabune?
Isabune yicyumani organometallic compound igizwe no gukora aside irike (nka acide stearic cyangwa lauric aside) hamwe na okiside yicyuma cyangwa hydroxide. Ibyuma bisanzwe birimo calcium, zinc, barium, kadmium (nubwo bigenda byiyongera kubera impamvu z’ibidukikije), na magnesium. Ubumaji bwabo buri mukuringaniza inshingano ebyiri zingenzi: guhagarika PVC mugihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi (extrusion, molding inshinge) no kuyirinda kwangirika kwigihe kirekire mubidukikije bikoreshwa.
Impamvu PVC Irashobora't Gutera imbere utabifite
PVC ni ibikoresho byakazi, ariko ifite agatsinsino ka Achilles: ihungabana ryumuriro. Iyo ashyutswe hejuru ya 160 ° C (ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gutunganya), iminyururu ya polymer ya PVC irasenyuka, ikarekura aside hydrochloric (HCl) muburyo bwihuse. Iyi "dehydrochlorination" iganisha ku ibara, guhindagurika, no gutakaza imbaraga za mashini - inenge zica kubisabwa bikomeye nk'imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro y'ubuvuzi.
Isabune yo mu isabune ihagarika iyi nzitizi binyuze mu buryo butatu:
HCl Scavenging: Batesha agaciro molekile zangiza za HCl, zikababuza gukomeza gutesha agaciro.
Gusimbuza Ion: Basimbuza atome ya chlorine idahindagurika mumurongo wa polymer hamwe nitsinda ryicyuma cya carboxylate gihamye, gutinda gusenyuka.
Inkunga ya Antioxydeant: Imikorere myinshi ikorana na antioxydants kugirango izimye radicals yubusa, umusaruro wubushyuhe hamwe na UV.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi mubikorwa bya PVC
Isabune isabune yumucyo irabagirana hejuru yibicuruzwa bya PVC, buri kimwe gisaba imikorere idahwitse:
Ibyiza Bitwara Kurera
Niki gituma isabune yicyuma isabura ingenzi mugutunganya PVC? Uruvange rwihariye rwinyungu:
MugariGuhuza: Bakorana hamwe na plasitike, amavuta, hamwe nuwuzuza (urugero,karubone), koroshya formulaire.
Imikorere idasanzwe: Muguhindura ibipimo byicyuma (urugero, hejuruzinckugirango ihindurwe, calcium nyinshi yo gukomera), abayikora barashobora guhuza neza ituze kubyo bakeneye byihariye.
Kubahiriza amabwiriza: Kalisiyumu-zincsisitemu yujuje ubuziranenge bwisi yose kubijyanye no guhuza ibiryo, amazi meza, nuburozi buke-ni ngombwa kubaguzi.
Ikiguzi-Cyiza: Zitanga ituze rikomeye ku giciro gito ugereranije nubundi buryo nka organotine, bigatuma biba byiza kubyara umusaruro mwinshi.
Ejo hazaza: Birambye kandi Bikora-Byinshi
Mugihe inganda zihindagurika zirambye, stabilisateur yicyuma nayo iratera imbere. Kalisiyumu-zinc, cyane cyane, isimbuza gakondo ibyuma biremereye-bishingiye kuri stabilisateur (nkakuyoboracyangwa kadmium) kugirango yuzuze intego zangiza ibidukikije. Udushya mu masabune yicyuma "icyatsi" - ukoresheje aside irike ishobora kuvugururwa cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika - biragenda bigabanya ikirere cyibidukikije bidatanze imikorere.
Muri make, stabilisateur yisabune yicyuma irenze inyongeramusaruro - irashobora. Bahindura ubushobozi bwa PVC muburyo bwo kwizerwa, bakemeza ko imiyoboro, imyirondoro, na firime twishingikirije gukora bihoraho, umutekano, kandi birambye. Ku bakora inganda bafite intego yo gukomeza imbere ku isoko rihiganwa, guhitamo icyuma gikwirakwiza isabune ikwiye ntabwo ari icyemezo cya tekiniki gusa - ni ukwiyemeza ubuziranenge.
Witegure kunonosora PVC yawe? Reka duhuze kugirango dushakishe uburyo isabune ikozwe neza yisabune ishobora kuzamura ibicuruzwa byawe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-25-2025