Ibyuma Bidahindura Isabune: Intwari Zitaravugwa Ziri Inyuma y'Imikorere Yizewe ya PVC

Mu isi yo gutunganya polymer, inyongera nke zigira uruhare runini mu gutuza ariko neza nk'ibikoresho bigabanya isabune mu byuma. Izi nganda zifite ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi ni zo shingiro ry'ubudahangarwa bwa PVC (polyvinyl chloride), zituma ibintu byose kuva ku miyoboro ikomeye kugeza ku mafirime yoroshye bigumana ubuziranenge bwabyo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, stress, n'igihe. Ku bakora n'abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bakurikirana ibyifuzo by'ikorwa rya PVC rigezweho, gusobanukirwa ikoreshwa ryabyo si tekiniki gusa - ni ingenzi cyane mu gutanga ibicuruzwa biramba kandi bifite ireme.

Ibikoresho Bidahindura Isabune mu Byuma ni Ibiki?

Ibyuma bitera imbaraga mu gutera isabuneni ibintu bigize organometallic bigizwe n’ibinure bivanze (nka aside stearic cyangwa lauric) hamwe na oxyde z’icyuma cyangwa hydroxide. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo kalisiyumu, zinc, barium, cadmium (nubwo bigenda bigabanuka bitewe n’ibidukikije), na manyeziyumu. Ubuhanga bwabyo buri mu guhuza imirimo ibiri y’ingenzi: gushimangira PVC mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya mu bushyuhe bwinshi (gusohora, kuyitera inshinge) no kuyirinda kwangirika igihe kirekire mu bidukikije.

Impamvu PVC Can'Gutera imbere udafite ibyo

PVC ni ibikoresho bikora nk'ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kazi, ariko ifite agatsinsino ka Achilles: ubushyuhe budahindagurika. Iyo ishyushye hejuru ya 160°C (ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo gutunganya), imiyoboro ya polymer ya PVC iracika, ikarekura aside hydrochloric (HCl) mu buryo bwihuta. Uku "gutakaza chlorine" bitera ibara, kwangirika, no gutakaza imbaraga za mekanike - ingaruka mbi ku mikoreshereze y'ingenzi nk'imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa imiyoboro y'ubuvuzi.

Ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'isabune mu byuma bihagarika uru rugendo binyuze mu buryo butatu bw'ingenzi:

Gutunganya HCl: Bigabanya molekile za HCl zangiza, bikarinda ko zikomeza kwangirika.

Gusimbuza Ion: Bisimbuza atome za chlorine zidahindagurika mu muyoboro wa polymer hamwe n'amatsinda ya karubokisilate y'icyuma ahamye, bigatinda gusenyuka.

Inkunga ya Antioxydants: Imiti myinshi ikorana n'ibinyabutabire birwanya okisidanti mu kuzimya uturemangingo tw'ubushyuhe n'imirasire y'izuba.

Ikoreshwa ry'ingenzi mu gukora PVC

Utwuma dupima isabune tw'icyuma turagaragara mu bintu bitandukanye bya PVC, buri kimwe gisaba imikorere ijyanye n'ibyo gitunze:

Ibyiza Bituma Umuntu Ahabwa Uburere

Ni iki gituma ibikoresho bigabanya isabune mu byuma ari ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya PVC? Ibyiza byabyo bidasanzwe:

MugariGuhuza: Bikorana neza n'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, amavuta yo kwisiga, n'ibyuzuza (urugero,karubone ya kalisiyumu), koroshya uburyo bwo gukora.

Imikorere Ijyanye n'Ubushobozi: Mu guhindura ingano y'icyuma (urugero, hejuruzinkikugira ngo habeho ubworoherane, kalisiyumu nyinshi kugira ngo ikomere), abakora ibintu bashobora kunoza uburyo bwo kudatezuka hakurikijwe ibyo bakeneye.

Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko: Kalisiyumu-zinkisisitemu zujuje amahame akomeye ku isi yose yerekeye kwegerana kw'ibiribwa, amazi meza, n'uburozi buke—ni ingenzi cyane ku bw'icyizere cy'abaguzi.

Uburyo bwo Kugabanya Ikiguzi: Bitanga ubuziranenge bukomeye ku giciro gito ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho nka organotines, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu gukora ibintu byinshi.

Ejo hazaza: Harambye kandi Hakora neza cyane

Uko inganda zigenda zigana ku burambe, ibikoresho byo kubungabunga isabune y'icyuma nabyo birimo gutera imbere. By'umwihariko, imiterere ya calcium-zinc irimo gusimbura ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kubungabunga ibyuma bikomeye (nk'ibicuruzwaikigo cy'indobanurecyangwa cadmium) kugira ngo bigere ku ntego zibungabunga ibidukikije. Udushya mu isabune y'icyuma "cyatsi" - hakoreshejwe aside irike ishobora kuvugururwa cyangwa ibikoresho bibora - biri kugabanya cyane ibidukikije hatabayeho gutakaza imikorere.

Muri make, ibikoresho bikomeza isabune y'icyuma si ibintu byongera gusa—ni ibintu bifasha. Bihindura ubushobozi bwa PVC mu buryo bwizewe, bigatuma imiyoboro, imiterere, na firime twishingikirizaho bikora neza, mu mutekano, kandi mu buryo burambye. Ku bakora bagamije kuguma imbere ku isoko rihanganye, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye bikomeza isabune y'icyuma si icyemezo cya tekiniki gusa—ni ukwiyemeza kugira ubuziranenge.

Witeguye kunoza imiterere ya PVC yawe? Reka turebe uburyo ibisubizo byakozwe mu byuma bifasha mu kubungabunga isabune bishobora kuzamura ibicuruzwa byawe.