Isabune Yuma Isabune: Gukosora ububabare bwa PVC & Ibiciro bya Slash

KuriAbakora PVC, kuringaniza umusaruro, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, no kugenzura ibiciro akenshi wumva ari urugendo rukomeye - cyane cyane kubijyanye na stabilisateur. Mugihe uburozi buremereye bwicyuma (urugero, imyunyu ngugu) bihendutse, birashobora guhagarika amategeko agenga amakosa. Amahitamo meza nka organotine akora neza ariko avuna banki. Injiraibyuma bisabiriza ibyuma-Impamvu yo hagati ikemura ibibazo byingenzi byumutwe kandi igenzura ibiciro.

Bikomoka kuri acide yibinure (urugero, acide stearic) hamwe nicyuma nka calcium, zinc, barium, cyangwa magnesium, izo stabilisateur zirahuza byinshi, zangiza ibidukikije, kandi zihuza nububabare bwa PVC bukunze kuboneka. Reka twibire muburyo bakemura ibibazo byumusaruro no kugabanya ibiciro-hamwe nintambwe zifatika zuruganda rwawe.

Igice cya 1: Stabilisateur Zisabune Zikemura Ibi bibazo 5 byingenzi byumusaruro

Umusaruro wa PVC unanirwa mugihe stabilisateur idashobora kugendana nubushyuhe bwo gutunganya, ibisabwa guhuza, cyangwa amategeko agenga. Isabune yicyuma ikemura ibyo bibazo imbonankubone, hamwe nibyuma bitandukanye bivanga ingingo yibibazo byihariye.

Ikibazo 1:“PVC yacu umuhondo cyangwa ucika mugihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi“

Kwangirika k'ubushyuhe (hejuru ya 160 ° C) ni umwanzi ukomeye wa PVC - cyane cyane mu gusohora (imiyoboro, imyirondoro) cyangwa kalendari (uruhu rwa artile, firime). Imikorere gakondo yicyuma kimwe (urugero, isabune ya zinc isukuye) akenshi irashyuha, igatera "gutwika zinc" (ibibara byijimye) cyangwa ubugome.

Igisubizo: Kalisiyumu-Zinc (Ca-Zn) Ivanga Isabune
Isabune ya Ca-Znnibipimo bya zahabu kubushyuhe bwumuriro nta byuma biremereye. Dore impamvu bakora:

• Kalisiyumu ikora nka "buffer yubushyuhe," itinda PVC dehydrochlorination (intandaro yumuhondo).

• Zinc itesha agaciro hydrochloric aside (HCl) yangiza mugihe cyo gushyushya.

• Bivanze neza, bihanganira 180-210 ° C muminota 40+ - byuzuye kuri PVC ikomeye (imyirondoro yidirishya) hamwe na PVC yoroshye (hasi ya vinyl).

Inama ifatika:Kubikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru (urugero, kuvoma imiyoboro ya PVC), ongeramo 0.5-1%Kalisiyumu+ 0.3–0.8%zinc(yose hamwe 1-1.5% yuburemere bwa PVC). Ibi bikubita imyunyu ngugu ikora kandi birinda uburozi.

Ikibazo 2:“PVC yacu ifite umuvuduko muke - tubona umwuka mubi cyangwa ubunini butaringaniye“

PVC ikenera kugenda neza mugihe cyo kubumba cyangwa gutwikira kugirango wirinde inenge nka pinholes cyangwa igipimo kidahuye. Stabilisateur ihendutse (urugero, isabune ya magnesium y'ibanze) ikunze kubyimba gushonga, bikabuza gutunganya.

Igisubizo: Barium-Zinc (Ba-Zn) Isabune ivanze
Ba-Zn icyumaisabune nziza mugutezimbere gushonga kuko:

• Barium igabanya ubukonje bwashonze, ikareka PVC ikwirakwira muburyo cyangwa kalendari.

• Zinc izamura ubushyuhe bwumuriro, bityo imigendekere myiza ntishobora kuza kubiciro byo kwangirika.

Ibyiza Kuri:Porogaramu yoroshye ya PVC nkibikoresho byoroshye, insinga ya insinga, cyangwa uruhu rwakozwe. Uruvange rwa Ba-Zn (1-2% byuburemere bwa resin) rugabanya ibyuka bihumeka 30-40% ugereranije nisabune ya magnesium.

Pro Hack:Kuvanga n'ibishashara bya 0.2–0.5% bya polyethylene kugirango wongere umuvuduko-ntukeneye guhindura ibintu bihenze.

Ikibazo 3:“Turashobora't ukoreshe PVC itunganijwe neza kuko stabilisateur zishyamirana nuwuzuza“

Inganda nyinshi zifuza gukoresha PVC itunganijwe neza (kugirango igabanye ibiciro) ariko irwana no guhuza: ibisigazwa byongera gukoreshwa akenshi birimo ibyuzuye bisigaye (urugero, karubone ya calcium) cyangwa plasitike ikora hamwe na stabilisateur, bigatera ibicu cyangwa ubwinshi.

Igisubizo: Magnesium-Zinc (Mg-Zn) Isabune ivanze
Mg-Zn isabune yicyuma irahuza cyane na PVC itunganijwe kuko:

• Magnesium irwanya reaction hamwe nuzuza nka CaCO₃ cyangwa talc.

• Zinc irinda kongera gutesha agaciro iminyururu ishaje ya PVC.

Igisubizo:Urashobora kuvanga 30-50% byongeye gukoreshwa PVC mubice bishya nta gihombo cyiza. Kurugero, uruganda rukora imiyoboro ukoresheje isabune ya Mg-Zn yagabanije igiciro cyinkumi 22% mugihe cyujuje ubuziranenge bwa ASTM.

Ikibazo 4:“Ibicuruzwa byacu byo hanze PVC bivunika cyangwa bishira mumezi 6“

PVC ikoreshwa mumazu yubusitani, ibikoresho byo hanze, cyangwa side ikenera UV hamwe nikirere. Stabilisateur zisanzwe zimeneka munsi yizuba, biganisha ku gusaza imburagihe.

Igisubizo: Kalisiyumu-Zinc + Ntibisanzwe Isi Isabune Yisabune
Ongeramo 0.3–0,6% lanthanum cyangwa cerium stearate (amasabune y'icyuma idasanzwe yisi) mubuvange bwa Ca-Zn. Aba:

• Gukuramo imirasire ya UV mbere yuko yangiza molekile ya PVC.

• Ongera ubuzima bwo hanze kuva kumezi 6 kugeza kumyaka 3+.

Gutsindira Igiciro:Isabune idasanzwe yisi igura munsi ya UV yihariye (urugero, benzophenone) mugihe itanga imikorere isa.

Ikibazo 5:“Twanze n'abaguzi ba EU kubayobora / kadmium“

Amabwiriza yisi yose (REACH, RoHS, California Prop 65) abuza ibyuma biremereye muri PVC. Guhindura organotine birazimvye, ariko amasabune yicyuma atanga ubundi buryo bwujuje ubuziranenge.

Igisubizo: Isabune Yose Yivanze (Nta Byuma Biremereye)

•Ca-Zn, Ba-Zn, naMg-Zn amasabuneni 100% bayobora / kadmium-yubusa.

• Zujuje REACH Umugereka wa XVII na CPSC yo muri Amerika - ingenzi kumasoko yohereza hanze.

Icyemezo:Uruganda rukora amafilime ya PVC mu Bushinwa rwavuye mu myunyu ngugu rujya mu masabune ya Ca-Zn maze rusubira ku isoko ry’Uburayi mu mezi 3, rwongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga 18%.

Igice cya 2: Uburyo Abashinzwe Isabune Yuma Isabune bagabanya ibiciro (Ingamba 3 zifatika)

Stabilisateur igizwe na 1-3% yikiguzi cya PVC - ariko guhitamo nabi birashobora kwikuba kabiri ukoresheje imyanda, gukora, cyangwa ihazabu. Isabune yicyuma ihindura ibiciro muburyo butatu:

1. Gabanya ibiciro by'ibikoresho (Kugera kuri 30% bihendutse kuruta Organotine)

• Stabilisateur ya Organotine igura $ 8– $ 12 / kg; Isabune ya Ca-Zn igura $ 4– $ 6 / kg.

• Ku ruganda rutanga toni 10,000 za PVC / umwaka, guhindukira kuri Ca-Zn bizigama ~ $ 40,000– $ 60,000 buri mwaka.

• Impanuro: Koresha amasabune yicyuma "yabanje kuvangwa" (abatanga isoko bavanga Ca-Zn / Ba-Zn kubikorwa byawe byihariye) kugirango wirinde gukabya ibintu byinshi bigizwe na stabilisateur.

2. Kugabanya ibiciro bya Scrap kuri 15-25%

Isabune yicyuma 'ituje neza yubushyuhe hamwe no guhuza bisobanura bike bifite inenge. Urugero:

• Uruganda rwa PVC rukoresha isabune ya Ba-Zn yaciwe kuva 12% kugeza 7% (kuzigama ~ $ 25,000 / umwaka kuri resin).

• Gukora vinyl hasi ukoresheje isabune ya Ca-Zn yakuyeho inenge ya "umuhondo wumuhondo", bigabanya igihe cyo gukora 20%.

Uburyo bwo gupima:Kurikirana igipimo cyakuweho ukwezi 1 hamwe na stabilisateur yawe ya none, hanyuma ugerageze kuvanga isabune yicyuma - inganda nyinshi zibona iterambere mubyumweru 2.

3. Hindura urugero (Koresha bike, Kubona Byinshi)

Isabune yicyuma ikora neza kuruta stabilisateur gakondo, kuburyo ushobora gukoresha amafaranga make:

• Umunyu wambere uyobora bisaba 2-3% byuburemere bwa resin; Ca-Zn ivanze ikenera 1-1.5% gusa.

• Kubikorwa bya toni 5.000 / yumwaka, ibi bigabanya imikoreshereze ya stabilisateur kuri toni 5-7,5 / umwaka ($ 20.000- $ 37.500 yo kuzigama).

Ikizamini cya Dosage Hack:Tangira ukoresheje isabune yicyuma 1%, hanyuma wongereho 0.2% kwiyongera kugeza ukubise intego yawe nziza (urugero, nta muhondo nyuma yiminota 30 kuri 190 ° C).

Igice cya 3: Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Isabune Yibikoresho Byiza (Ubuyobozi bwihuse)

Isabune zose zicyuma ntizihwanye - zihuye nubwoko bwa PVC nibikorwa:

Inama yanyuma: Umufatanyabikorwa hamwe nuwaguhaye isoko kubintu byihariye

Ikosa rikomeye uruganda rukora ni ugukoresha amasabune yicyuma "ubunini-bumwe-bwuzuye". Baza uwaguhaye stabilisateur kuri:

• Uruvange rujyanye n'ubushyuhe bwawe bwo gutunganya (urugero, zinc yo hejuru ya 200 ° C ikuramo).

• Impamyabumenyi-y-iyubahirizwa ryabandi (SGS / Intertek) kugirango wirinde ingaruka zubuyobozi.

• Icyitegererezo (50-100 kg) kugirango ugerageze mbere yo kuzamuka.

Isabune yo kwisabune yicyuma ntabwo ari "uburyo bwo hagati" -ni igisubizo cyubwenge kubakora PVC barambiwe guhitamo hagati yubuziranenge, kubahiriza, nigiciro. Muguhuza neza neza inzira yawe, uzagabanya imyanda, wirinde amande, kandi ugumane ubuzima bwiza.

Witeguye kugerageza kuvanga isabune y'icyuma? Tanga igitekerezo hamwe na porogaramu yawe ya PVC (urugero, "gukuramo imiyoboro ikaze") hanyuma dusangire ibyifuzo byemewe!

Iyi blog itanga ubwoko bwisabune yihariye yicyuma, uburyo bukoreshwa mubikorwa, hamwe namakuru azigama kubatunganya PVC. Niba ukeneye guhindura ibikubiye muri porogaramu runaka ya PVC (nk'uruhu rwa artificiel cyangwa imiyoboro) cyangwa ukongeramo ibisobanuro bya tekiniki, umva kubimenyesha.