Ikoreshwa rya PVC rikwirakwira cyane rizana imbogamizi ikomeye: ishobora kwangirika iyo ihuye n'ubushyuhe n'imbaraga za mekanike mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya.Ibintu bishyigikira PVCKuzuza iki cyuho nk'inyongeramusaruro z'ingenzi, bibungabunga imiterere n'imikorere ya polymer. Mu bwoko bw'ibikoresho bitanga ubushobozi bwo gushimangira ubuziranenge, ubwoko bw'amazi n'ifu ni byo biyoboye isoko, buri kimwe gitanga imiterere yihariye, inyungu, n'uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha.
Mbere yo gusuzuma imiterere y’ibipimo by’amazi n’ibipimo by’ifu, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ibintu by’ibanze byo kwangirika kwa PVC n’ikibazo cyo kudasubirwaho cyo guhagarara neza. Imiterere ya molekile ya PVC irimo atome za chlorine zifatanye n’umugongo wa polymer, bigatuma idahagarara neza. Iyo ihuye n’ubushyuhe—nk’igihe cyo gusohora, gushingwa inshinge, cyangwa gukaraba—gukata imirasire y’izuba, cyangwa ndetse no guhura n’izuba igihe kirekire, PVC inyura mu buryo bwo gutakaza chlorine. Ubu buryo burekura gaze ya hydrogen chloride, ikora nk'imashini yo kwihutisha kwangirika kurushaho, bigatuma habaho uruhererekane rubi. Uko kwangirika kugenda, uruhererekane rwa polymer rurasenyuka, bigatera ibara rihinduka, gucika intege, gutakaza imbaraga za mashini, ndetse amaherezo, no kunanirwa k’umusaruro wa nyuma. Guhagarara kwa PVC bikora mu guhagarika uru ruhererekane rw’iyangirika binyuze mu buryo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi: gukuramo HCl kugira ngo hirindwe kwihuta kwa catalytic, gusimbuza atome za chlorine zisanzwe mu ruhererekane rwa polymer kugira ngo bigabanye gutangira kwangirika, kubuza oxidation, cyangwa kwinjiza imirasire ya UV mu bikorwa byo hanze. Ibipimo by’ubushyuhe, itsinda ry’ibipimo by’ubushyuhe bya PVC byibanda ku kugabanya kwangirika k’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutunganya, ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda za PVC. Mu gihe ibintu bikomeza amazi n'ifu byombi bikora nkaibintu bitera ubushyuhe, imiterere yabyo, imiterere yabyo, n'imiterere yabyo mu kuyikoresha bitanga itandukaniro rikomeye mu mikorere no mu buryo ikoreshwamo.
Gutuza PVC bikora mu guhagarika uru rugendo rwo kwangirika binyuze mu buryo bumwe cyangwa bwinshi: gukusanya HCl kugira ngo hirindwe kwihuta kwa catalytic, gusimbuza atome za chlorine zigaragara mu muyoboro wa polymer kugira ngo bigabanye gutangira kwangirika, kubuza ogisijeni, cyangwa kwinjiza imirasire ya UV. Ibipimo byo gutuza ubushyuhe, itsinda ry’ibipimo byo gutuza PVC byibanda ku kugabanya kwangirika k’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutunganya, ni byo bikunze gukoreshwa mu gukora PVC. Ibipimo byo gutuza ubushyuhe byombi bikora nk'ibipimo byo gutuza ubushyuhe, ariko imiterere yabyo, imiterere yabyo, n'imiterere yabyo mu kuyikoresha bigira itandukaniro rikomeye mu mikorere no mu buryo bikoreshwa.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati y'ibidakomeza amazi n'ifu ya PVC
Ibintu bikomeza amazi n'ifu bya PVC biratandukanye cyane kuruta uko bimeze; imiterere yabyo, guhuza na PVC n'ibindi biyongera, ibisabwa mu gutunganya, n'ingaruka ku bicuruzwa bya nyuma biratandukanye cyane. Guhera ku miterere n'imiterere ya shimi, ibintu bikomeza amazi bya PVC muri rusange ni ibintu bikomeye bishingiye ku masabune y'icyuma—nk'icyuma gishyuha, stearate ya zinc, cyangwa barium stearate—ibinyabutabire bya organotin, cyangwa sisitemu z'ibyuma bivanze nka calcium-zinc cyangwa barium-zinc. Bishobora kandi kuba birimo ibintu bidafite imbaraga cyangwa ibitwara kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo gutemba no gukwirakwira, hamwe n'imiterere ikomeye igerwaho binyuze mu kumisha, gusya, cyangwa granulation, bigatuma habaho ifu cyangwa granular bivamo ifu. Ibinyabutabire bya PVC muri amazi, mu buryo bunyuranye, ni ibintu by'amazi akenshi bishingiye ku bintu bya organotin (urugero, dioctyltin maleate), epoxy plasticizers, cyangwa isabune y'icyuma, akenshi bikubiyemo ibintu bikomeza amazi n'ibintu bihindura imiterere kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo guhuza n'imikorere. Imiterere yabyo y'amazi yorohereza koroshya ishyirwamo ry'ibinyabutabire bishongesha amavuta, bigatuma biba byiza ku bikoresho bisaba ubushobozi bwo koroha cyangwa ingaruka zihariye zo guhindura imiterere y'ingufu.
▼ Imiterere n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire
Ibikoresho bitanga ubuziranenge bwa PVCUbusanzwe ni imiterere ikomeye, akenshi ishingiye ku masabune y'icyuma (urugero: calcium stearate, zinc stearate, barium stearate), organotin compounds, cyangwa ibyuma bivanze (calcium-zinc, barium-zinc). Bishobora kandi kuba birimo ibintu bidafite ubushobozi bwo gusohora cyangwa gutwara ibintu kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo gutemba no gukwirakwira. Imiterere ikomeye igerwaho binyuze mu kumisha, gusya, cyangwa gusya, bigatuma habaho ifu cyangwa granular itemba.
Ibintu bitera imbaraga bya PVC by'amaziKu rundi ruhande, ni imiterere y'amazi, akenshi ishingiye ku bintu bya organotin, epoxy plasticizers, cyangwa amasabune y'icyuma. Akenshi iba irimo ibintu bikomeza ubuziranenge n'ibintu bihindura imiterere y'amazi kugira ngo byongere imikorere n'imikorere. Imiterere y'amazi ituma byoroha gushyiramo ibintu bishonga mu mavuta, bigatuma biba byiza ku miterere isaba koroshya cyangwa ingaruka zihariye zo guhindura imiterere y'amazi.
▼ Guhuza no gukwirakwiza
Gutatana—uburyo bumwe bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu bihamye muri PVC matrix ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ibintu bihamye bibe byiza, kuko gutatana nabi bitera uburinzi budahuye, kwangirika kw'ahantu runaka, ndetse n'inenge z'ibicuruzwa. Muri urwo rwego, ibintu bihamye by'amazi birakomeye, cyane cyane mu bikoresho bya PVC byoroshye (urugero, filimi za PVC, insinga, imiyoboro) bifite pulasitiki nyinshi. Kubera ko bishobora kuvangwa n'ibintu byinshi bishinze pulasitiki, ibintu bihamye by'amazi byivanga neza mu buryo butajegajega muri PVC mu gihe cyo kuvanga, bigamije ko bikwirakwira neza muri polymer matrix kandi bigakuraho ibyago byo “gushyuha cyane”—ahantu hatameze neza—bishobora kubaho iyo hatameze neza. Ariko, ibintu bihamye by'ifu bisaba kwitonda cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku gutatana neza, cyane cyane mu bikoresho bikomeye bya PVC (urugero, imiyoboro, imbonerahamwe y'amadirishya) aho urugero rwa pulasitiki ruri hasi cyangwa rutabaho. Uduce dukomeye tugomba gukwirakwizwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe guhurirana, bishobora gutera inenge ku buso cyangwa kugabanya ubushobozi bwo gutatana. Ku bw'amahirwe, iterambere mu gukora ifu, nk'ifu ya mikoroni n'ibicuruzwa bya granulated, ryazamuye ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gutatana, byongera ubushobozi bwabyo mu buryo bwinshi bwo gukoreshwa.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi ni byiza cyane mu gukwirakwiza amazi, cyane cyane mu buryo bworoshye bwa PVC burimo ingano nini ya pulasitiki. Kubera ko ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi bivangavanze n'ibikoresho byinshi bya pulasitiki, bivanga neza mu buryo butajegajega bya PVC mu gihe cyo kuvanga, bigatuma habaho gukwirakwira neza muri matrix ya polymer. Ibi bikuraho ibyago byo "gushyuha" bishobora kubaho iyo amazi adakwirakwiriye neza.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ifu, ku buryo butandukanye, bisaba kuvanga neza kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza, cyane cyane mu buryo bukomeye bwa PVC aho urugero rwa pulasitiki ari hasi cyangwa ntaho ruboneka. Uduce duto tugomba gukwirakwizwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe guhurirana kw'ibintu, bishobora gutuma ubuso butagira inenge cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu. Ariko, iterambere mu gukwirakwiza ifu ryazamuye ubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ibintu, bigatuma birushaho gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi.
▼ Ibisabwa mu gutunganya no gukora neza
Imiterere y’ikintu gikomeza guhindagurika ifite ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere myiza yo gutunganya, harimo igihe cyo kuvanga, ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, n’ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya. Ibikoresho bikomeza guhindagurika bigabanya igihe cyo kuvanga n’ikiguzi cy’ingufu binyuze mu kwihuza vuba mu gice cya PVC, bikuraho ko hakenewe intambwe z’inyongera zo gusenya uduce duto. Binagabanya ubushyuhe bwa PVC, byongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya mu gihe cyo gusohora cyangwa gushushanya. Ibikoresho bikomeza guhindagurika, ku rundi ruhande, bisaba igihe kirekire cyo kuvanga no gukata kugira ngo habeho gukwirakwira neza; rimwe na rimwe, kuvanga mbere n’ibindi bikoresho byumye nk’ibirungo cyangwa amavuta ni ngombwa kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo gutemba. Ibyo bivuzwe, ibikoresho bikomeza guhindagurika akenshi bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza mu bushyuhe buri hejuru ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisimbura ibinyabutabire, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mu gupima ubushyuhe bwinshi, nko gusohora PVC mu bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 180°C.
Ibikoresho bigabanya igihe n'ingufu bivangwa kuko byinjira vuba mu gice cya PVC. Binagabanya ubushyuhe bw'ingufu za PVC, bikongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya mu gihe cyo gusohora cyangwa gushushanya. Ibi ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane ku miyoboro y'umusaruro yihuta aho imikorere myiza ari yo ishyirwa imbere.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bisaba igihe kirekire cyo kuvanga no gukata neza kugira ngo bikwirakwizwe neza. Hari igihe, kuvanga mbere n'ibindi bikoresho byumye (urugero, amavuta, amavuta) ni ngombwa kugira ngo birusheho kugenda neza. Ariko, ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe akenshi bigira ubushyuhe bwinshi mu bushyuhe bwo gutunganya ibintu ugereranije n'ibikoreshwa mu mazi, bigatuma biba byiza gukoreshwa mu buryo busaba gutunganya ibintu mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
▼ Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa bya nyuma
Guhitamo hagati y’ibice bitanga umwuka uhoraho n’ifu bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y’ibicuruzwa bya nyuma, harimo imiterere, imikorere ya mekanike, no kuramba. Ibice bitanga umwuka uhoraho bikundwa ku bicuruzwa bisaba ubuso bworoshye kandi burabagirana—nk’amafirime ya PVC, impapuro zo gushushanya, n’imiyoboro y’ubuvuzi—kuko gukwirakwira kwabyo neza bigabanya inenge zo hejuru nk’utudomo cyangwa imirongo. Byongeye kandi, ibice byinshi bitanga umwuka uhoraho birimo ibice bitanga umwuka uhoraho, bigafasha mu koroshya no kurekura ibicuruzwa bya PVC byoroshye. Ibice bitanga umwuka uhoraho, ku buryo bunyuranye, birakwiriye cyane ku bicuruzwa bikomeye bya PVC aho gukomera no kudakora neza ari ingenzi, nk’imiyoboro, ibikoresho, n’urukuta. Ntabwo bigira uruhare mu gushushanya pulasitiki, bityo bikarinda imiterere ikomeye ya polymer, kandi akenshi bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza mu bicuruzwa bya nyuma, bigatuma biba byiza mu bikorwa bisaba igihe kirekire cyo gukora ku bushyuhe bwinshi, nk’imiyoboro y’inganda n’aho amashanyarazi afungirwa.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi ni byiza cyane ku bicuruzwa bisaba ubuso bworoshye kandi burabagirana (urugero: filimi za PVC, impapuro zo gushushanya, imiyoboro y'ubuvuzi) kuko gukwirakwira kwabyo neza bigabanya inenge zo ku buso nk'utudomo cyangwa imirongo. Binagira uruhare mu koroshya no kurekura ibikoresho bya PVC byoroshye, kuko ibikoresho byinshi bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi birimo ibice bihindura pulasitiki byuzuza pulasitiki nyamukuru.
Ibikoresho bikomeza ifu birakwiriye cyane ku bicuruzwa bikomeye bya PVC aho gukomera no kudakora neza ari ingenzi cyane (urugero: imiyoboro, ibikoresho, imigozi). Ntabwo bigira uruhare mu gutuma pulasitiki ihinduka, bityo ntibibangamira imiterere ikomeye ya polymer. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bikomeza ifu akenshi bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza igihe kirekire mu bicuruzwa bya nyuma, bigatuma biba byiza mu bikorwa bisaba igihe kirekire cyo gukora iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru (urugero: imiyoboro y'inganda, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi).
▼ Ibipimo by'ikiguzi
Igiciro ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi mu guhitamo ibitera imbaraga, kandi ni ngombwa kuzirikana ikiguzi cyose cy'umutungo aho kuzirikana igiciro cya buri gikoresho gusa. Ibitera imbaraga bitera imbaraga ubusanzwe bifite ikiguzi kinini kuri buri gikoresho kuruta ibitera imbaraga bitera imbaraga ifu, ariko ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gutunganya ibintu neza bushobora kugabanya ikiguzi rusange cy'umusaruro binyuze mu kugabanya imyanda no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu n'abakozi bijyana no kuvanga. Mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe, bisaba kandi ingano nto, bigabanyiriza igiciro kiri hejuru kuri buri gikoresho. Ibitera imbaraga bitera imbaraga ifu, hamwe n'igiciro cyabyo gito mbere, birakurura ikoreshwa ryihariye, ariko igihe cyo kuvanga cyiyongereyeho, ikoreshwa ry'ingufu, n'ubushobozi bwo gusohora imyanda bitewe no gukwirakwiza nabi bishobora kongera ikiguzi cyose cy'umusaruro. Byongeye kandi, gukenera uburyo bwo gukusanya ivumbi n'ububiko bwihariye bishobora kongera amafaranga akoreshwa mu mikorere.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bw'amazi mu buryo busanzwe bifite ikiguzi kiri hejuru kuri buri gipimo ugereranyije n'ibikoresha ifu. Ariko, ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukwirakwiza no gutunganya ibintu neza bushobora kugabanya ikiguzi rusange cy'umusaruro binyuze mu kugabanya imyanda (ibicuruzwa bike bifite inenge) no kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ingufu n'abakozi bijyana no kuvanga. Bisaba kandi ingano nto muri bimwe, bigakuraho igiciro kiri hejuru kuri buri gipimo.
Ibikoresho bigabanya ifu bifite ikiguzi gito mbere y’igihe, bigatuma bikurura abantu ku buryo bihendutse. Ariko, igihe cyo kuvanga, ingufu, n’ubushobozi bwo gutakaza imyanda bitewe no gukwirakwira nabi bishobora kongera ikiguzi cy’umusaruro wose. Byongeye kandi, gukenera uburyo bwo gukusanya ivumbi n’ububiko bwihariye bishobora kongera amafaranga akoreshwa mu mikorere.
Guhitamo hagati y'ibidahungabanya amazi n'ifu ya PVC
Guhitamo imashini ihamye ikoreshwa mu gupima ibintu bisaba gutekereza ku bintu bitandukanye, uhereye ku buryo bworoshye cyangwa butoroshye bwo gukoresha. Kuri PVC yoroshye (ifite pulasitiki irenga 10%), imashini zihamye zikoreshwa mu gupima ibintu akenshi ni zo zikwiye cyane bitewe nuko zihuye n’imashini zikoze mu gupima ibintu, bigatuma zikwirakwira neza, kandi zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kongera ubworoherane n’ubwiza bw’ubuso; ikoreshwa risanzwe hano ririmo filimi za PVC, insinga, imiyoboro, gasket, n’imiyoboro yo kwa muganga. Kuri PVC ikomeye (ifite pulasitiki iri munsi ya 5% cyangwa nta na kimwe), imashini zihamye zikoreshwa mu gupima ibintu zikoreshwa mu gupima ibintu ni zo zikundwa, kuko zidahungabanya ubukana kandi zitanga ubushyuhe buhagije mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutunganya ibintu, bigatuma zikoreshwa neza ku miyoboro, amadirishya, impande, ibikoresho, n’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi.
Intambwe ya 1: Sobanura uburyo bwo gukora PVC yawe (Ikomeye ugereranyije n'iyoroshye)
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Kuri PVC yoroshye, ibizigama amazi akenshi ni byo byiza. Bihura neza n'ibizimya umuriro bituma bikwirakwira neza, kandi byongera ubuziranenge bw'ubuso. Ikoreshwa risanzwe ririmo filimi za PVC, insinga, imiyoboro, gaskets, n'imiyoboro yo kwa muganga.
Ku bikoresho bikomeye bya PVC, ibikoresho bikomeza ifu ni byo byiza. Ntibigabanya ubukana kandi bitanga ubushyuhe buhagije mu gihe ubushyuhe bwinshi bukoreshwa. Ibikoresho birimo imiyoboro, amadirishya, impande, ibikoresho byo gushyiramo ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi.
Intambwe ya 2: Suzuma ibisabwa mu gutunganya
Tekereza ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko wabyo mu gutunganya:
Gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi(>180°C): Ibikoresho bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhagarara neza mu bushyuhe buri hejuru, bigatuma biba byiza mu gusohora PVC cyangwa gushushanya inshinge.
Umusaruro wihuta cyane: Ibikoresho bigabanya igihe cyo kuvanga kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya, bigatuma biba byiza ku miyoboro yihuta.
Intambwe ya 3: Shyira imbere ibisabwa ku bicuruzwa birangira
Iyo irangi ritoshye kandi ribengerana ari ingenzi cyane—urugero, mu mpapuro zo gushushanya cyangwa ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi—ibipimo by'amazi biraruta ibindi. Ku bijyanye n'imikorere ya mekanike, ibipimo by'ifu biraruta ibindi ku bicuruzwa bikomeye bisaba gukomera no kudakora neza, mu gihe ibipimo by'amazi biruta ibindi ku bicuruzwa byoroshye bisaba kurengerwa no koroherwa. Kugira ngo birambe igihe kirekire, cyane cyane mu bicuruzwa bihura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa ibidukikije bikomeye nk'imiyoboro y'inganda cyangwa impande zo hanze, ibipimo by'ifu bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza igihe kirekire. Kubahiriza amategeko y'umutekano n'ibidukikije nabyo ntibishobora kuganirwaho, kuko ibisabwa bitandukanye bitewe n'uturere n'ikoreshwa ryabyo. Ku bijyanye n'ibiribwa cyangwa ikoreshwa ry'ubuvuzi, hitamo ibipimo by'uburozi bitari uburozi—nk'ibipimo by'ifu ya calcium-zinc cyangwa ibipimo by'amazi bya organotin yo mu rwego rw'ibiribwa—byujuje ibisabwa nka FDA cyangwa EU 10/2011. Ukurikije ibidukikije, irinde ibipimo by'uburozi nk'ifu ishingiye kuri lisansi cyangwa bimwe mu bipimo by'amazi, bibujijwe mu turere twinshi; ibipimo by'ifu ya calcium-zinc ni amahitamo arambye.
Intambwe ya 4: Kuzuza amabwiriza agenga umutekano n'ibidukikije
Ibisabwa n'amategeko biratandukanye bitewe n'akarere n'ikoreshwa ryabyo, bityo rero menya neza ko amahitamo yawe ya stabilizer yujuje ibisabwa byo mu gace utuyemo:
Gukoresha ibiryo cyangwa ibikoresho byo kwa muganga: Shaka ibintu bitagira uburozi (urugero, ibintu bitagira uburozi bigabanya ubushyuhe mu ifu ya calcium-zinc cyangwa ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe mu mazi) bikurikiza amabwiriza ya FDA, EU 10/2011, cyangwa andi mahame ajyanye nayo.
Ibitekerezo ku bidukikije: Irinde ibintu bigabanya uburozi (urugero: ifu ishingiye kuri lisansi, organotines zimwe na zimwe z'amazi) bibujijwe mu turere twinshi. Ibigabanya uburozi bwa calcium-zinc ni ubundi buryo burambye.
Intambwe ya 5: Sesengura Ikiguzi cyose cy'Ubutunzi
Mubare igihe cyo kuvanga, ikiguzi cy'ingufu, n'ibiciro by'imyanda haba ku mazi n'ifu, kandi mutekereze ku giciro cyo kubika no gucunga. Ku bijyanye no gukora ingano nini, ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bishobora gutanga ikiguzi gito nubwo igiciro cyabyo kiri hejuru mbere, mu gihe ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bishobora kuba bihendutse cyane ku bikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe kandi bihendutse. Inyigo z'ibyabaye zigaragaza neza aya mahame yo guhitamo: ku miyoboro yo kwa muganga ya PVC yoroshye, isaba ubuso bworoshye, guhuza ubuzima, imikorere ihoraho, no kwihuta mu gutunganya, ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe ni igisubizo, kuko bivanga neza n'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki kugira ngo bihamye neza kandi bitagira inenge, bubahiriza amabwiriza y'ubuvuzi nka FDA, kandi bigatuma gusohora vuba bihura n'ibikenewe mu gukora ingano nyinshi. Ku miyoboro ikomeye ya PVC, isaba gukomera, kudahura n'ingaruka, kudahindagurika mu bushyuhe igihe kirekire, no kudatakaza amafaranga menshi, ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe ni byiza, kuko bigumana ubushyuhe bwiza, bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza mu gihe cyo gusohora ubushyuhe bwinshi, bihendutse mu gukora imiyoboro minini, kandi byujuje amategeko agenga ibidukikije birinda ibintu bihumanya.
Mu gusoza, ibitera imbaraga bya PVC by'amazi n'ifu ni ingenzi mu kugabanya kwangirika kwa PVC, ariko imiterere yabyo itandukanye ituma bikoreshwa neza mu buryo bwihariye. Mu guhitamo ibitera imbaraga, fata uburyo bwose: tangira usobanure uburyo bwo gutunganya PVC yawe n'ibyo ukeneye mu gusoza umusaruro, hanyuma usuzume ibisabwa mu gutunganya, kubahiriza amategeko, n'ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga. Ubikoze, ushobora guhitamo ibitera imbaraga bidakingira gusa kwangirika kwa PVC ahubwo binatuma umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza kandi bigatuma umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-26-2026